Jail

Longest Jail Sentence:   In Thailand, on 27 July 1989, Fraudster Chamoy Thipyaso and her seven    
                                       accomplices were each sentenced to 141,078 years.
                                       
Longest in Jail:    Paul Geidel, a New York State prisoner, was sentenced for murder on 5 September 
                            1911 at the age of 17. He was released on 7 May 1980 at the age of 85, having
                            served 68 years 245 days.

Methods of execution

Methods of Execution that was being used around the world and some which is still in practice are:

Shooting  -  Vietnam & China

Hanging  -  Iran & Singapore

Beheading  -  Saudi Arabia

Lethal Injections & Electric chair  -  USA

Typhoid Mary

Marry Mallon (September 23, 1869 – November 11, 1938) was born in Ireland and emigrated to the United states of America in 1883.

 She worked as a cook for families in USA. She worked as a cook for a number of families and all the members of those families got infected with Typhoid. At a one point of time she was suspected for spreading the disease and police arrested her to confirm their doubt through medical examinations. Doctors found the Salmonella typhii bacterium in her gall bladder which was responsible for spreading of the disease in each member of the family she worked in the past. Doctors advised her to get the gall bladder removed but she refused as she didn't believe that she carried the disease. At this point of time she became popular in the media and was dubbed as  'Typhoid Mary'.

She then continued as a cook. Again everybody around her contracted the disease. People denied to employ her as a cook. So, she kept changing her jobs frequently. Everywhere she went there were typhoid outbreaks.

 After arresting her, public health authorities returned her to quarantine on North Brother Island on March 27, 1915. She was still unwilling to have her gallbladder removed. Mallon remained confined for the remainder of her life. Six years before her death, she was paralyzed by a stroke. On November 11, 1938, she died of pneumonia at age 69. An autopsy found evidence of live typhoid bacteria in her gallbladder. Mallon's body was cremated, and her ashes were buried at Saint Raymond's Cemetery in the Bronx.

How to treat a serious burn

Burns are a very common household injury, and a small or minor burn is going to sting a while but it is going to heal on its own. However, severe burns not only require special care because of the possibility of severe scarring, but also to reduce the chances of infection.

Types of burns:

1st-degree burn

A first-degree burn is the least serious type, involving only the outer layer of skin. It may cause:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Pain

You can usually treat a first-degree burn as a minor burn. If it involves much of the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks or a major joint, seek emergency medical attention.

2nd-degree burn

A second-degree burn is more serious. It may cause:

• Red, white or splotchy skin
• Swelling
• Pain
• Blisters

If the second-degree burn is no larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, treat it as a minor burn. If the burned area is larger or covers the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks or a major joint, treat it as a major burn and get medical help immediately.

3rd-degree burns

The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and underlying fat. Muscle and even bone may be affected. Burned areas may be charred black or white. The person may experience:

• Difficulty breathing
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Other toxic effects, if smoke inhalation also occurred

 First Aid for severe burns:

• Protect the burned person from further harm:  If you can do so safely, make sure the person you're helping is not in contact with smoldering materials or exposed to smoke or heat. But don't remove burned clothing stuck to the skin.

•  Check for signs of circulation:  Look for breathing, coughing or movement. Begin CPR if needed.

• Remove jewelry, belts and other restrictive items:  especially from around burned areas and the neck. Burned areas swell rapidly.

• Don't immerse large severe burns in cold water:  Doing so could cause a serious loss of body heat (hypothermia) or a drop in blood pressure and decreased blood flow (shock).

• Elevate the burned area:  Raise the wound above heart level, if possible.

• Cover the area of the burn:  Use a cool, moist, bandage or a clean cloth.

 

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Strobilanthes kunthiana

Strobilanthes kunthiana (Local name in Tamil is 'Neelakurinji') is a shrub which is seen in the forests of the western ghats in South India. In fact Nilgiris literally means the blue mountains got its name from this flower. This flower flowers once in 12 years converting the entire forest of the western ghats in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka into lustrous purplish blue tracts.
Last time the plant flowered in Sept-Oct 2006 period and is expected to flower again during July-October 2018. Tourist arrivals would be at the peak during these periods of flowering to witness the beauty of nature.

Heimlich Manoeuvre (Abdominal Thrusts)

Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich Manoeuvre or Heimlich Maneuver) is a first aid procedure used to treat upper airways obstruction (choking) by foreign objects. The term Heimlich manoeuvre is named after Dr. Henry Heimlich, who first described it in 1974.  Its use in modern airway management is however controversial.

Procedure:

Performing abdominal thrusts involves a rescuer standing behind a patient and placing his fist on the bellybutton of the patient and grasping it with the other hand. The rescuer exerts pressure on the bottom of the diaphragm (similar to lifting a person from behind swiftly with a very great force). This compresses the lungs and exerts pressure on any object lodged in the trachea, hopefully expelling it.
This amounts to an artificial cough.

Con:

Due to the forceful nature of the procedure, even when done correctly, it can injure the person on whom it is performed. Bruising to the abdomen is highly likely and more serious injuries can occur, including fracture of the xiphoid process or ribs